Utilitarianism, a consequentialist theory of ethics developed by ethicists Bentham and John Stuart Mill, asserts that the best decision is the one that increases overall well-being or joy. Fundamental to this ethical theory is the "Principle of Greatest Happiness," which asserts that deeds are morally right if they enhance well-being and wrong if they cause the reverse. Utilitarianism assesses the moral worth of an act based on its outcome, making it a applicable strategy to ethical decision-making.

This ethical theory confronts traditional moral systems that emphasize obligations or principles, conversely promoting a versatile strategy that considers the results of decisions. Utilitarians maintain that by emphasizing the greatest good for the majority, the public can reach a greater overall happiness. This concept has been implemented in various fields, including economic theory, political science, and government policy, affecting decisions that seek to enhance community health and diminish misery.

Utilitarianism also addresses the challenges of quantifying and weighing well-being. Opponents maintain that it can be investment philosophy challenging to quantify pleasure and that this approach may ignore the dignity and worth of persons. Nonetheless, advocates maintain that the utilitarian approach gives a objective and objective method for evaluating ethical dilemmas, promoting a more compassionate and pragmatic approach to morality. By focusing on the outcomes of actions and striving to maximize overall happiness, the utilitarian philosophy presents a persuasive framework for reaching a fair and just community.